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SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test)

Scholastic Aptitude Test  - This test is intended to assess students' readiness for college. The SAT has four sections: Reading, Writing and Language, Math (no calculator), and Math (calculator allowed). The test taker may optionally write an essay which, in that case, is the fifth test section. The total time for the scored portion of the SAT is three hours (or three hours and fifty minutes if the optional essay section is taken).

The score for SAT is from Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, and Math. Each Section scores are reported on a scale of 200 to 800, and each section score is a multiple of ten. that range from 400 to 1600. There is no penalty for guessing on the questions in any section. SAT scores are based on the number of questions answered correctly.

Reading Test - The Reading Test of the SAT includes 52 questions and a time limit is 65 minutes. All questions are multiple-choice and based on reading passages. Tables, graphs, and charts may accompany some passages, but no math is required to correctly answer the corresponding questions. There are five passages (up to two of which may be a pair of smaller passages) on the Reading Test and 10-11 questions per passage or passage pair.

SAT Reading passages draw from three main fields: history, social studies, and science. Each SAT Reading Test always includes one passage from U.S. or world literature; one passage from either a U.S. founding document or a related text; one passage about economics, psychology, sociology, or another social science; and, two science passages. Answers to all of the questions are based only on the content stated in or implied by the passage or passage pair. What type of questions is being asked?

Generally, the questions on the reading test fall into three main categories:

-Information and Ideas: Questions that focus on what the passage says, directly or indirectly

-Rhetoric: Questions that ask about how the author conveys meaning

-Synthesis: Questions that ask you to draw conclusions and make connections   between two related passages or between passages and informational graphics

The writing and language Test - The writing and language test assesses the student's ability to revise and edit texts about a range of topics. It includes 44 multiple-choice questions and a time limit of 35 minutes. In reading test all questions are based on reading passages which may be accompanied by tables, graphs, and charts. The students will be asked to read the passages, find mistakes or weaknesses in writing, and to provide corrections or improvements. Reading passages on this test range in content from topic arguments to nonfiction narratives in a variety of subjects. The skills being evaluated include: increasing the clarity of argument; improving word choice; improving analysis of topics in social studies and science; changing a sentence or word structure to increase organizational quality and impact of writing; and, fixing or improving sentence structure, word usage, and punctuation. Each passage will be 400-450 words in length. It includes passages like

Careers- Includes passages that deal with trends, issues and debates related to major career paths, such as healthcare and information technology, as well as general interest topics related to jobs, business, and industry.

History/Social Studies- Includes passages that deal with information and ideas drawn from the fields of anthropology, communication studies, economics, education, human geography, history, law, linguistics, political science, psychology, and sociology and their various subfields. Passages can discuss such matters as emerging trends, interesting hypotheses and theories, and innovative research studies and methods.

Humanities — Includes passages that deal with information and ideas drawn from the fields of classics, language, law, the performing arts, philosophy, religion, theater, and the visual arts and their various subfields.

Sentence Structure — These questions focus on editing text to correct problems in sentence formation and inappropriate shifts in construction within and between sentences.

-In Sentence Formation questions will ask the students to correct problems with sentences, including issues with modifier placement, parallel structure, sentence boundaries, and subordination and coordination.

Conventions of Usage — These questions focus on editing text to ensure conformity to the conventions of standard written English usage.

-Pronouns and Agreement questions will ask the aspirants to correct errors in pronoun use and agreement.

-Frequently Confused Words questions will ask you to recognize and correct instances in which a word or phrase is confused with another (e.g., accept/except, allusion/illusion).

-Logical Comparison questions will ask you to correct cases in which unlike terms are compared.

Conventions of Punctuation — These questions focus on editing text to ensure conformity to the conventions of standard written English punctuation.

Within-Sentence Punctuation questions will ask you to correct inappropriate uses of colons, semicolons, and dashes.

-Possessive Nouns and Pronouns questions will ask you to correct inappropriate uses of possessive nouns and pronouns as well as differentiate between possessive and plural forms.

SAT Essay

The SAT Essay will ask you how an author uses evidence, reasoning, and stylistic or persuasive elements to craft an argument. How can you quickly determine these elements the writer is using. Aristotle identified three primary forms of persuasion: 

Appeal to Ethics, Appeal to Emotions, Appeal to Logic.

·        Appeal to Ethics - are intended to establish a person's professional credibility or qualifications to make a particular argument. Through a claim to knowledge and relevant experience, this method of persuasion emphasizes the ethical or moral character and stature of the person who is providing information. If the speaker or writer wants to provide extra credibility, they can bring in a trusted source to bolster their argument.

·        Appeal to Emotions- are intended to evoke an emotional response in the audience, such as fear, anger, or nostalgia/sentimentality.

·        Appeal to Logic- is intended to speak directly to the audience’s sense of reason or logic. These arguments “just make sense.”

Sentence Structure

Authors play with sentence structure in order to draw attention to different things in their argument/writing.

Parallel Structure

Typically, when you use a series of verbs or nouns in a sentence, they will all maintain the same form.

Sentence Length

Writers vary their sentence lengths to create different rhetorical effects. As with the example in parallel structure, short, simple sentences might be drawing the reader’s attention to something urgent or immediate. (“I want change here. Now. Today.”)

Long, complex sentences might be used if a writer wants to make a speech sound particularly beautiful and moving. Let’s look at a famous example: the final sentence Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, which also has a little parallel structure thrown in at the end.

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